arXiv — Machine Learning · · 3 min read

Graph Machine: Exploring Edge Mechanisms as an Inductive Bias

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2608.06834 (cs)
[Submitted on 7 Aug 2026]

Title:Graph Machine: Exploring Edge Mechanisms as an Inductive Bias

Authors:Lintai Hou
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Abstract:Transformers provide a powerful architecture for global content-based matching, but reasoning problems may benefit from a stronger inductive bias toward iterative traversal of latent relations. We introduce Graph Machine, an architecture with two explicit edge-based mechanisms: Edge-augmented attention, in which edges modulate attention between nodes, and edge-centric referral, in which nodes exchange addresses to update their edges. Conceptually, this enables the model to dynamically and differentiably construct and revise relational graphs across layers. We study this inductive bias using Sudoku under controlled settings and find that Graph Machine outperforms Transformer baselines, with ablation studies and mechanistic analysis attributing the gains to the edge mechanisms. Surprisingly, we found that the model discovers a compact edge-based construction for Sudoku geometry. Our results support explicit edge mechanisms as a promising architectural design, motivating broader evaluation.
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Cite as: arXiv:2608.06834 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2608.06834v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.06834
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Lintai Hou [view email]
[v1] Fri, 7 Aug 2026 05:48:04 UTC (4,363 KB)
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