arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language · · 4 min read

LLM-Driven Training-free Location-Attribute Synergic Fusion: A Closed-Loop Paradigm for Dual-source Encrypted POIs and LULC Mapping

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2609.25051 (cs)
[Submitted on 6 Sep 2026]

Title:LLM-Driven Training-free Location-Attribute Synergic Fusion: A Closed-Loop Paradigm for Dual-source Encrypted POIs and LULC Mapping

View a PDF of the paper titled LLM-Driven Training-free Location-Attribute Synergic Fusion: A Closed-Loop Paradigm for Dual-source Encrypted POIs and LULC Mapping, by Chang Li and 4 other authors
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Abstract:Dual-source encrypted points of interest (DSEP), POIs from two encrypted coordinate systems, suffer from intertwined location and attribute uncertainties, including nonlinear systematic misalignment and naming inconsistency, hindering land-use/land-cover (LULC) mapping. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to propose an LLM-driven, training-free location-attribute synergic closed-loop optimization paradigm for DSEP fusion. The paradigm jointly refines location transformation and attribute correspondences through iterative feedback. Attribute-synergic location fusion uses an LLM-driven attribute matching method to establish DSEP correspondences, reducing matching complexity from O(N^2) to O(N), and refines transformation coefficients using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm within ISODATA-clustered local subregions. Location-synergic attribute fusion then reassesses attribute confidence from updated geometric residuals through an LLM-fuzzy method. The refined correspondences feed back into location optimization, forming a bidirectional closed loop. Sample purification and adaptive radius contraction enable convergence in essentially two iterations. We further propose a training-free LULC mapping method that inherits land-use classes from encrypted maps through location fusion, producing vector-raster integrated LULC maps. A reference-free POI fusion evaluation method is applied across 31 provincial capitals and municipalities in mainland China. Experiments show that our method achieves an average DSEP location fusion residual of 4.58 m and attribute fusion accuracy of 95.12%, improving upon the open-source baseline and state-of-the-art method by 1.77 m and 14.87%, respectively. Overall, the method provides a training-free solution for DSEP fusion and enables georeferencing of encrypted vector data to WGS-84 without field-surveyed ground control points.
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
Cite as: arXiv:2609.25051 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2609.25051v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.25051
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Xingtao Peng [view email]
[v1] Sun, 6 Sep 2026 11:07:00 UTC (1,775 KB)
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