An Agentic AI Pipeline for Appliance-Level Energy Anomaly Detection and LLM-Driven Recommendations
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Computer Science > Machine Learning
arXiv:2606.28467 (cs)
[Submitted on 26 Jun 2026]
Title:An Agentic AI Pipeline for Appliance-Level Energy Anomaly Detection and LLM-Driven Recommendations
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Abstract:Appliance-level energy monitoring in office buildings produces noisy alerts that non-expert facility managers struggle to use. This paper proposes an end-to-end agentic pipeline that combines deep time-series forecasting, variational anomaly detection, and LLM-based reasoning to generate prioritized, actionable maintenance recommendations. The system tracks seven office appliances using a hybrid Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) forecasting model, and applies a per-appliance LSTM Variational Autoencoder (VAE) with attention to flag abnormal daily consumption episodes. A three-stage LangChain pipeline begins with a Context Agent that always retrieves three core RAG sources (model reliability, hourly baseline, and expert knowledge) and conditionally adds up to three more (forecast context, anomaly history, global baseline) based on event characteristics, capped at eight reasoning steps. A Diagnosis Agent converts the evidence into a structured JSON diagnosis, and a Report Agent renders a human-readable narrative. A reflective memory layer incorporates operator feedback. The dashboard shows real-time 30-minute forecasts, intraday consumption, the previous day anomaly report, and a feedback form. We evaluate the forecasting model, anomaly detector with appliance-specific thresholds, and LLM reasoning on a 16-scenario benchmark including sustained and transient spikes, unexpected shutdowns, and systemic events, comparing five LLM backends under static vs. dynamic retrieval. Dynamic retrieval matches full static retrieval across all backends while cutting average context from six to three-six sources per event. The best backend scores 90.4/100 with a 100% pass rate at a 70-point threshold, and a fully local 7B-parameter model passes all 16 scenarios.
| Comments: | 07 pages, 01 figure, accepted for presentation at the IEEE International Conference on Communication, Computing, Networking, and Control in Cyber-Physical Systems (CCNCPS 2026) |
| Subjects: | Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computation and Language (cs.CL) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2606.28467 [cs.LG] |
| (or arXiv:2606.28467v1 [cs.LG] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.28467
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
|
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View a PDF of the paper titled An Agentic AI Pipeline for Appliance-Level Energy Anomaly Detection and LLM-Driven Recommendations, by Dihia Falouz and 4 other authors
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