arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language · · 3 min read

Automatic multimodal UX improvement recommendations from LLM agent user simulations

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2609.22971 (cs)
[Submitted on 19 Sep 2026]

Title:Automatic multimodal UX improvement recommendations from LLM agent user simulations

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Abstract:Evaluating user experience (UX) on live websites through user testing is expensive, subjective, and difficult to scale. LLM agents offer a promising route to automating UX testing by simulating realistic user behaviour. However, existing simulation approaches typically lack multimodality and require time-consuming manual review to extract actionable insights. We formalise UX improvement recommendation from simulation data as a structured natural language generation and ranking problem, and establish an evaluation protocol using expert annotation and LLM-as-a-Judge. We present AMUSER, a multimodal framework which simulates user behaviour and automatically generates prioritised UX improvement recommendations from resulting data. We evaluate AMUSER on commercial websites and show that its recommendations substantially outperform those from text-only simulation (NDCG@3 = 0.758 versus 0.359) at an 89% lower simulation cost. Our results suggest an asymmetric role of multimodality: visual access during simulation improves recommendations through richer traces, while providing visual inputs during recommendation generation can modestly degrade quality. We also discuss practical deployment lessons from applying AMUSER to commercial websites.
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
Cite as: arXiv:2609.22971 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2609.22971v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.22971
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Anu Chowdhury [view email]
[v1] Sat, 19 Sep 2026 11:50:11 UTC (1,762 KB)
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