arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language · · 3 min read

PPAI: Enabling Personalized LLM Agent Interoperability for Collaborative Edge Intelligence

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2605.18067 (cs)
[Submitted on 18 May 2026]

Title:PPAI: Enabling Personalized LLM Agent Interoperability for Collaborative Edge Intelligence

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Abstract:Deploying large language model (LLM) on edge device enables personalized LLM agents for various users. The growing availability of diverse personalized agents presents a unique opportunity for peer-to-peer (P2P) collaboration, wherein each user can delegate tasks beyond the local agent's expertise to remote agents more suited for the specific query. This paper introduces PPAI, the first personalized LLM agent interoperability system, which enables users to collaborate with each other based on agent specialization. However, the ever-changing pool of agents and their interchangeable capacity introduce new challenges when it comes to matching queries to agents and balancing loads, compared with existing P2P systems. Therefore, we propose a scalable query-agent pair scoring mechanism based on prototypes to identify suitable agents within a P2P network with churn. Moreover, we propose a multi-agent interoperability Bayesian game to balance local demand and global efficiency, when changes in remote agent load occur too quickly to be observed. Finally, we implement a prototype of PPAI and demonstrate that it substantially broadens the range of tasks that could be carried out while maintaining load balance. On average, it achieves an accuracy improvement of up to 7.96% across multiple tasks, while reducing latency by 16.34% compared to the baseline.
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Cite as: arXiv:2605.18067 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2605.18067v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.18067
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Jian Lin [view email]
[v1] Mon, 18 May 2026 08:49:33 UTC (562 KB)
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