Tracing a powerful GNSS interference source over Europe
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Signal Processing
arXiv:2606.03673 (eess)
[Submitted on 2 Jun 2026]
Title:Chasing Lightning: Detecting, Characterizing, and Identifying a Powerful Space-Based GNSS Interference Source
View a PDF of the paper titled Chasing Lightning: Detecting, Characterizing, and Identifying a Powerful Space-Based GNSS Interference Source, by Zachary L. Clements and Argyris Kriezis and Todd E. Humphreys
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Abstract:This paper analyzes and identifies a space-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference source that has caused scores of powerful transient wide-area interference events over continental Europe, Greenland, and Canada since 2019. While terrestrial or near-terrestrial sources are primarily responsible for the recent uptick in GNSS interference worldwide, space-based interferers are of special concern given their potential for vast geographic reach and their portent of a qualitative escalation in GNSS interference. Based on data collected between 2019 and 2026 from a network of terrestrial GNSS reference stations, this paper (1) develops a received-power-based detection framework; (2) details the spatial, temporal, and spectral patterns of wide-area interference events caused by the source; (3) presents and analyzes identification techniques that blend received-power and time-difference-of-arrival measurements; and (4) applies these techniques to confidently identify the GNSS interference source as a constellation of Russian early warning satellites in Molniya ("lightning") orbits.
| Comments: | Submitted for review to the Institute of Navigation journal NAVIGATION |
| Subjects: | Signal Processing (eess.SP) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2606.03673 [eess.SP] |
| (or arXiv:2606.03673v1 [eess.SP] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.03673
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
|
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View a PDF of the paper titled Chasing Lightning: Detecting, Characterizing, and Identifying a Powerful Space-Based GNSS Interference Source, by Zachary L. Clements and Argyris Kriezis and Todd E. Humphreys
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