arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language · · 3 min read

Beyond Bilingual Transfer: Multilingual Code-Switching in Instruction Tuning

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2605.29414 (cs)
[Submitted on 28 May 2026]

Title:Beyond Bilingual Transfer: Multilingual Code-Switching in Instruction Tuning

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Abstract:Recent studies have shown that code-switching data (CSD), in which multiple languages are mixed within the same context, can improve cross-lingual transfer and multilingual alignment in large language models (LLMs). However, existing studies primarily focus on bilingual transfer between English and a target language, leaving multilingual settings involving three or more languages largely unexplored. In this work, we investigate multilingual code-switching instruction tuning across four languages: English, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese. We evaluate multilingual understanding on Belebele. Our experiments show that simple sentence-level multilingual CSD consistently improves average multilingual performance across all four languages, indicating that multilingual code-switching can be effective beyond bilingual transfer settings.
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Cite as: arXiv:2605.29414 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2605.29414v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.29414
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Shunta Asano [view email]
[v1] Thu, 28 May 2026 06:03:52 UTC (4,294 KB)
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