arXiv — Machine Learning · · 3 min read

Orthrus: Memory-Efficient Parallel Token Generation via Dual-View Diffusion

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2605.12825 (cs)
[Submitted on 12 May 2026]

Title:Orthrus: Memory-Efficient Parallel Token Generation via Dual-View Diffusion

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Abstract:We introduce Orthrus, a simple and efficient dual-architecture framework that unifies the exact generation fidelity of autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) with the high-speed parallel token generation of diffusion models. The sequential nature of standard autoregressive decoding represents a fundamental bottleneck for high-throughput inference. While diffusion language models attempt to break this barrier via parallel generation, they suffer from significant performance degradation, high training costs, and a lack of rigorous convergence guarantees. Orthrus resolves this dichotomy natively. Designed to seamlessly integrate into existing Transformers, the framework augments a frozen LLM with a lightweight, trainable module to create a parallel diffusion view alongside the standard autoregressive view. In this unified system, both views attend to the exact same high-fidelity Key-Value (KV) cache; the autoregressive head executes context pre-filling to construct accurate KV representations, while the diffusion head executes parallel generation. By employing an exact consensus mechanism between the two views, Orthrus guarantees lossless inference, delivering up to a 7.8x speedup with only an O(1) memory cache overhead and minimal parameter additions.
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Cite as: arXiv:2605.12825 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2605.12825v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.12825
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Van Chien Nguyen [view email]
[v1] Tue, 12 May 2026 23:47:35 UTC (285 KB)
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