arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language · · 3 min read

ASPIRE: Asynchronous Batched Self-Speculative Decoding for Long-Context LLM Inference

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2609.17943 (cs)
[Submitted on 16 Sep 2026]

Title:ASPIRE: Asynchronous Batched Self-Speculative Decoding for Long-Context LLM Inference

View a PDF of the paper titled ASPIRE: Asynchronous Batched Self-Speculative Decoding for Long-Context LLM Inference, by Amir Ziashahabi and 4 other authors
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Abstract:Long-context LLM inference is bottlenecked by attention, whose repeated KV-cache reads make decoding memory-bound. Self-speculative decoding alleviates this by drafting tokens with sparse attention and verifying them with full attention, but existing batched methods remain synchronized: all requests in a batch share a single draft-verify schedule, even though the optimal draft length varies widely across requests and changes dynamically within each request. We propose ASPIRE, a non-synchronized batched self-speculative decoding framework built on three components. First, a unified mixed forward allows drafting and verifying requests to coexist in the same batched forward pass, removing the need for global draft-verify phases. Second, a lightweight online speculation scheduler uses per-request acceptance-rate estimates and a batch-aware cost model to let each request independently choose when to verify. Third, an intra-draft refresh layer performs full attention at a single designated layer during drafting, updating the sparse context at every draft step to reduce staleness during drafting. Across three models and five reasoning and long-context benchmarks, ASPIRE achieves $1.70$-$4.58\times$ speedup in decoding throughput over autoregressive baselines and improves average speedup by approximately $27\%$ over the strongest prior self-speculative baselines.
Comments: Accepted to COLM 2026
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Computation and Language (cs.CL); Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
Cite as: arXiv:2609.17943 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2609.17943v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.17943
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Amir Ziashahabi [view email]
[v1] Wed, 16 Sep 2026 00:04:13 UTC (845 KB)
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