arXiv — Machine Learning · · 3 min read

When Temporal Perturbations Act Like Sensor Biases: Label-Free Auditing of Wearable Activity Recognizers

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2609.29937 (cs)
[Submitted on 24 Sep 2026]

Title:When Temporal Perturbations Act Like Sensor Biases: Label-Free Auditing of Wearable Activity Recognizers

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Abstract:Wearable human-activity recognition (HAR) models operate across sensors, subjects, and backbones, yet a smooth waveform may appear temporal while exploiting a persistent sensor offset primarily. We introduce SpectrumAudit, a label-sealed audit that fits a phase-randomized full-window stimulus on calibration windows from subjects held out from training and testing. After selection, it replays its exact DC projection and budget-constrained zero-mean residual on the same frozen victim without refitting. Across 27 victims from three datasets and three backbones, the selected waveforms cause 2.87-40.83-point three-phase robust accuracy losses. Under this replay budget, DC is more damaging than AC on 24/27 victims and recovers at least 90% of the full drop on 22/27; all 5 failures occur on WISDM. In a held-out UTD-MHAD check, the selected waveform causes 13.49-pp accuracy and 11.68-pp macro-F1 losses, versus -0.66 pp for matched random changes. The audit diagnoses offset versus zero-mean variation under a common peak-budget cap. The code will be released upon acceptance.
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
MSC classes: 68T07, 68T05, 68P27
Cite as: arXiv:2609.29937 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2609.29937v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.29937
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Qingyu Wu [view email]
[v1] Thu, 24 Sep 2026 15:03:08 UTC (93 KB)
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