arXiv — Machine Learning · · 3 min read

TBP-mHC: full expressivity for manifold-constrained hyper connections through transportation polytopes

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2605.21724 (cs)
[Submitted on 20 May 2026]

Title:TBP-mHC: full expressivity for manifold-constrained hyper connections through transportation polytopes

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Abstract:Hyper-Connections (HC) improve residual networks by introducing learnable mixing across multiple residual streams, but unconstrained mixing leads to training instability. Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections (mHC) address this by enforcing approximate double stochasticity via Sinkhorn normalization, while mHC-lite ensures exact constraints through convex combinations of permutation matrices at the cost of factorial complexity. KromHC reduces this cost using Kronecker-product parameterizations, but restricts the mixing matrices to a structured submanifold of the Birkhoff polytope .
We propose Transportation Birkhoff Polytope (TBP) parameterizations and their Recursive variants (RTBP), which construct exactly doubly stochastic mixing matrices with $(n-1)^2$ degrees of freedom. Our approach avoids iterative normalization and combinatorial explosion while preserving full expressivity of the Birkhoff polytope. Empirical results on language model pre-training' demonstrate competitive performance with improved stability and scalability.
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Cite as: arXiv:2605.21724 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2605.21724v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.21724
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Anton Lyubinin [view email]
[v1] Wed, 20 May 2026 20:31:10 UTC (317 KB)
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