arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language · · 3 min read

Manga109-v2026: Revisiting Manga109 Annotations for Modern Manga Understanding

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2605.21182 (cs)
[Submitted on 20 May 2026]

Title:Manga109-v2026: Revisiting Manga109 Annotations for Modern Manga Understanding

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Abstract:Manga is a culturally distinctive multimodal medium and one of the most influential forms of Japanese popular culture. As AI systems increasingly target manga understanding, OCR, and translation, Manga109 has become a foundational dataset for manga-related AI research. However, the current Manga109 dataset contains transcription errors and coarse annotations, which do not align well with modern OCR and multimodal manga understanding tasks. In this work, we revisit the dialogue text annotations of Manga109 and identify five categories of annotation issues, including transcription errors, missing text regions, overlapping dialogue and onomatopoeia, and under-segmented speech balloons. To address these issues, we combine OCR-based issue detection and manual revision to construct Manga109-v2026, revising approximately 29,000 dialogue annotations. Our revisions better align Manga109 with modern OCR and multimodal manga understanding systems while preserving expressive structures characteristic of manga.
Comments: Accepted to the Culture x AI Workshop at ICML 2026. Project page: this https URL
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
Cite as: arXiv:2605.21182 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2605.21182v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.21182
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Jeonghun Baek [view email]
[v1] Wed, 20 May 2026 13:49:13 UTC (1,849 KB)
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