arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language · · 3 min read

Defining Cultural Capabilities for AI Evaluation: A Taxonomy Grounded in Intercultural Communication Theory

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2605.15990 (cs)
[Submitted on 15 May 2026]

Title:Defining Cultural Capabilities for AI Evaluation: A Taxonomy Grounded in Intercultural Communication Theory

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Abstract:Tremendous efforts have been put into evaluating the inclusivity and effectiveness of AI systems across cultures. However, the cultural capabilities considered in much of the literature remain vaguely defined, are referred to using interchangeable terminology, and are typically limited to recalling accurate information about various demographics, regions, and nationalities. To address this construct ambiguity, we draw from Intercultural Communication scholarship and propose a three-level taxonomy of AI-relevant cultural capabilities: Cultural Awareness answers "Does the model know?", Cultural Sensitivity answers "How does it frame its knowledge?", and Cultural Competence answers "Can it adapt as the interaction evolves?". Beyond conceptual clarification, we position this taxonomy as a practical tool for improving the validity and interpretability of AI evaluation in real-world, multicultural settings. Without such construct clarity, evaluation results risk overstating model capabilities and may lead to inappropriate deployment decisions in culturally sensitive contexts.
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Cite as: arXiv:2605.15990 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2605.15990v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.15990
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

Submission history

From: Isar Nejadgholi [view email]
[v1] Fri, 15 May 2026 14:21:52 UTC (56 KB)
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