Marginal Alignment Does Not Guarantee Joint-Distribution Fidelity: An Official-Reference Audit of Nemotron-Personas-Korea with Cross-Locale Replication
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Computer Science > Computers and Society
arXiv:2606.12433 (cs)
[Submitted on 15 May 2026]
Title:Marginal Alignment Does Not Guarantee Joint-Distribution Fidelity: An Official-Reference Audit of Nemotron-Personas-Korea with Cross-Locale Replication
Authors:Joonhyung Bae
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Abstract:Synthetic persona datasets cite alignment with official demographics as a basis for trust, yet downstream users consume them as joint structures across age, sex, region, occupation, education, name, and institutional status. Marginal alignment does not imply that these joints are preserved. We propose the Independence-Assumption Footprint (IAF), an audit primitive that operates on the attribute combinations a dataset card itself documents as treated independently. For each such combination, IAF compares the synthetic joint against an external official or institutional reference, using direct joint tables where available and rule-implied checks otherwise. Applied to NVIDIA Nemotron-Personas-Korea (one million Korean synthetic personas), IAF finds that NPK aligns with KOSIS marginals while three joints fail. The major-by-occupation distribution against the KEIS graduate universe carries a large conditional mismatch. The age profile of military service is institutionally inconsistent. Female representation in male-dominated occupations is substantially over-flattened toward parity, with the strict screening verdict mapping-dependent and age-robust under direct standardisation. A transferability demonstration across six further NPK locales finds locale-dependent rather than universal diagnostics, with reference-taxonomy cardinality confounding cross-locale flag counts. For synthetic personas used as silicon samples, marginal claims must therefore be paired with disclosure-anchored joint audits before reuse. The released audit artefacts (reference manifests, occupational crosswalks, derived metrics, reproducibility scripts) instantiate this protocol on the NPK family and are released for retargeting at other synthetic persona resources.
| Subjects: | Computers and Society (cs.CY); Computation and Language (cs.CL) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2606.12433 [cs.CY] |
| (or arXiv:2606.12433v1 [cs.CY] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.12433
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
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