COILD: An Indic-Centric Parallel Corpus and Benchmark for Machine Translation Across Indian Languages
Mirrored from arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language for archival readability. Support the source by reading on the original site.
Computer Science > Computation and Language
arXiv:2609.28826 (cs)
[Submitted on 23 Sep 2026]
Title:COILD: An Indic-Centric Parallel Corpus and Benchmark for Machine Translation Across Indian Languages
Authors:Kshetrimayum Boynao Singh, Nitin Kumar Mishra, Palash Pratim Dutta, Atai Waris Khan, Aparna Kaushik, Avinash Kumar, Deeksha, Deepak Kumar, Saroj Kumar Jha, Saloka Sengupta, Anansa Roy, Umalatha Kannoth, Saifulla Samar, Meena Sharma, Manpreet Kaur, Jyoti Sharma, Ashwini Vaidya, Muralikrishna SN, Md Shad Akhtar, Poonam Bansal, Amita Dev, Sanasam Ranbir Singh, Samit Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Asif Ekbal
View a PDF of the paper titled COILD: An Indic-Centric Parallel Corpus and Benchmark for Machine Translation Across Indian Languages, by Kshetrimayum Boynao Singh and 24 other authors
View PDF
HTML (experimental)
Abstract:Machine translation (MT) for Indian languages remains constrained by the limited availability of high-quality, Indic-centric parallel corpora and evaluation benchmarks. Existing multilingual resources are largely constructed from English-pivot content and often fail to capture the linguistic diversity, cultural complexity, and domain-specific characteristics of Indian languages. We present COILD, an Indic-centric parallel corpus comprising over 1.16 million human-translated and human-verified sentence pairs, covering 20 Indian language pairs across the Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, and Austro-Asiatic language families. The corpus is built entirely from original Indian language sources collected from licensed repositories spanning eight domains with direct real-world applicability. Furthermore, we introduce a domain-centric benchmark comprising 2,000 expert-verified sentences to enable consistent multilingual and cross-lingual evaluation across Indian language pairs. To validate the effectiveness of COILD, we fine-tune two representative multilingual neural machine translation models, IndicTrans2-Distilled and NLLB-200. Experimental results demonstrate consistent improvements across language pairs, domains, automatic evaluation metrics, and human evaluation, highlighting the effectiveness of high-quality Indic-centric supervision. COILD provides a valuable training and evaluation resource for advancing multilingual machine translation and future multilingual language models for Indian languages.
| Comments: | 17 pages, including references and appendices |
| Subjects: | Computation and Language (cs.CL) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2609.28826 [cs.CL] |
| (or arXiv:2609.28826v1 [cs.CL] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.28826
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
|
Submission history
From: Kshetrimayum Boynao Singh [view email][v1] Wed, 23 Sep 2026 22:19:45 UTC (23,911 KB)
Full-text links:
Access Paper:
- View PDF
- HTML (experimental)
- TeX Source
View a PDF of the paper titled COILD: An Indic-Centric Parallel Corpus and Benchmark for Machine Translation Across Indian Languages, by Kshetrimayum Boynao Singh and 24 other authors
References & Citations
Loading...
Bookmark
Bibliographic Tools
Code, Data, Media
Demos
Related Papers
About arXivLabs
Bibliographic and Citation Tools
Bibliographic Explorer Toggle
Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?)
Connected Papers Toggle
Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?)
Litmaps Toggle
Litmaps (What is Litmaps?)
scite.ai Toggle
scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?)
Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article
alphaXiv Toggle
alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?)
Links to Code Toggle
CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?)
DagsHub Toggle
DagsHub (What is DagsHub?)
GotitPub Toggle
Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?)
Huggingface Toggle
Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?)
ScienceCast Toggle
ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?)
Demos
Replicate Toggle
Replicate (What is Replicate?)
Spaces Toggle
Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?)
Spaces Toggle
TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?)
Recommenders and Search Tools
Link to Influence Flower
Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?)
Core recommender toggle
CORE Recommender (What is CORE?)
arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.
Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.
Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
More from arXiv — NLP / Computation & Language
-
A Mechanistic Study of AI-Text Detection Neurons in Frozen BERT: Sparse Probing and Activation Patching on RAID
Sep 28
-
Manifold Projection and Iterative Autoencoder Refinement for Masked Language Modeling
Sep 28
-
Not All Memories Are Equal: Hierarchical Collaborative Memory for Validity-Aware Retrieval in LLM Agents
Sep 28
-
Auditing and Repairing LLM-as-Judge Failures in a Production Text-to-SQL Pipeline
Sep 28
Discussion (0)
Sign in to join the discussion. Free account, 30 seconds — email code or GitHub.
Sign in →No comments yet. Sign in and be the first to say something.