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Nectar: Neural Estimation of Cached-Token Attention via Regression

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2605.09778 (cs)
[Submitted on 10 May 2026 (v1), last revised 8 Jul 2026 (this version, v2)]

Title:Nectar: Neural Estimation of Cached-Token Attention via Regression

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Abstract:Evaluating softmax attention over a fixed long context requires reading every cached key-value pair for each new query token. For a given context (a book, a manual, a legal corpus) the attention output is a deterministic function of the query. We propose Nectar, which fits a compact neural network to this function for queries drawn from a task-relevant distribution. Nectar fits two networks per layer and KV-head: a target network that predicts the attention output and a score network that predicts the log-normalizer. The pair plugs into the standard masked self-attention at inference time, replacing the $O(n)$ attention over the cache with a forward pass whose cost does not depend on $n$. Each module carries on the order of $|\theta|$ parameters per layer and KV-head, typically much smaller than the $2nd$ KV-cache footprint at the same granularity. We report experiments on models from 1.7B to 8B parameters across five long-context datasets. The approximation error tracks the next-token accuracy gap to full attention, and allocating capacity non-uniformly across layers reduces that gap in our ablation. Beyond this analysis of metrics, we check that the text generations (following a question prompt) of a model equipped with a Nectar module match in semantic content those obtained by giving the same model access to the full cache.
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Cite as: arXiv:2605.09778 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2605.09778v2 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.09778
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Marco Cuturi [view email]
[v1] Sun, 10 May 2026 21:51:36 UTC (9,837 KB)
[v2] Wed, 8 Jul 2026 15:49:43 UTC (9,837 KB)
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