Distribution-based deep multiple instance learning for tumor proportion scoring in NSCLC
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Computer Science > Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Title:Distribution-based deep multiple instance learning for tumor proportion scoring in NSCLC
Abstract:Accurate assessment of tumor proportion score (TPS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is critical for treatment planning and prognosis. Key challenges include the tedious manual work required to annotate each slide, combined with the limited number of experts certified for this task. Multiple instance learning (MIL) has proven to be an effective approach for predicting TPS scores at the slide level; however, existing methods struggle with non-expressive (zero class) images. Our approach involves two models: (1) an embedding-extraction and multiclass-classification network that captures the histopathological features of individual patches, and (2) a MIL model that aggregates these embeddings to predict zero-inflated beta (ZIBeta) parameters representing the overall TPS probability distribution for the entire slide. Using only slide-level TPS scores as labels, we demonstrate how this end-to-end framework can leverage a novel distribution-based architecture to improve prediction accuracy and explainability. ZIBeta modeling significantly outperforms baseline linear and ridge regression while capturing expected accuracy through distribution concentration.
| Subjects: | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO) |
| MSC classes: | 68T07, 92C50 |
| ACM classes: | I.2.6; I.4.7; J.3 |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2606.27579 [cs.CV] |
| (or arXiv:2606.27579v1 [cs.CV] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.27579
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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